Month: October 2017

Emmi Caffè Latte: So Fresh. So You.

monnetn Coffee , ,

 

Drug advertisements on Swiss television or radio, about tobacco and alcohol are prohibited (Scruzzi 2015). However those drugs can be advertised in theatres after 7 p.m., on newspapers and cultural or sportive events (Bundesamt für Gesundheit 2015). Other drugs advertisements about coffee and painkillers like ASPIRIN for headache, are shown quite frequently on TV and wherever you go.

So, the drug I chose is coffee, specifically Emmi’s product line Emmi Caffè Latte. Here you can find the link to my advertisement: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VifHlt90N34. 

I picked coffee as my drug, because I drink it almost every morning. At home, I bought Emmi Caffè Latte a lot, because it was practical to carry, to drink it on my way to school, to buy and drink it when I was on a coffee break with friends or whenever I felt exhausted and felt like I needed some kind of power.

 

Emmi’s history and mission (Emmi Deutschland, Über Uns):

  • Emmi Caffè Latte is a brand of Emmi AG, created in 2004.
  • Emmi AG is one of the largest diary producer in Europe, the largest Swiss milk processor and a worldwide renowned specialist for Swiss cheese.
  • Emmi has it’s headquarters in Lucerne, Switzerland (established in 1907), but it also has several subsidiary companies in other countries: Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria and UK. In these markets, outside of Switzerland, Emmi concentrates on brand concepts and specialties that work best in the specific country and society.
  • 1947, they first sold cheese and yoghurt under the brand name Emmi. In 1998 the first subsidiary company was established in Germany.
  • As consummation of coffee and drinks with caffeine started to become a trend in 2004, Emmi hopped on the coffee train and created their new trend product Emmi Caffè Latte.
  • Starting 2010 the Emmi started to be recognized more and more. A new positioning of Emmi Germany and an image design (a typical Swiss wrapping, with a red and with Swiss flag and three mountain peeks on blue background) helped people to recognize the brand faster. A Germany wide TV campaign of Emmi Caffè Latte was the ultimate step to be fully recognized and established in the market.
  • In February 2011, Emmi became partner of the FIS Alpine Ski World Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Starting 2011, Emmi’s product line Emmi Caffè latte, became official partner of ProSieben’s (German TV Channel) success format Germany’s Next Topmodel. In  013 EMMI launched the limited edition Emmi Caffè Latte Caramel New York Edition with a TV spot on every relevant channel. In 2014 Emmi expanded the range of Emmi Caffè Latte of the trend product Emmi Chai Latte, with Vanilla and classic flavor.
  • As of today Emmi Germany is still an official partner with Germany’s Next Topmodel and still successful with all their new product lines, but mostly Emmi Caffè Latte.

 

“What started out as just an idea back in 2004 is now a global success story. In 2012 we sold more than 100 million cups [of Emmi Caffè Latte] and it’s you we have to thank for this.” (Emmi Deutschland, Über Uns)

 

From Ski Champions to Germany’s Next Topmodel:

As previously described, Emmi and Emmi Caffè Latte have main sponsors like FIS Ski Alpine World Cup and TV Show: “Germany’s Next Topmodel”. Both of those have a very large audience.

Picture

FIS Ski World Cup attracts sportive people and people interested in Winter Sports or just fans of particular skiers.

For example some the Swiss Skiers (e.g. Wendy Holdener) have Emmi as a tricot sponsor during the Ski World

Championship. I think the message they want to bring across is: drink coffee and be energized and become Slalom Vice World Champion and Combined Alpine World Champion (Season 2016-17: Wendy Holdener).

  • Happy feelings
  • Shows the winner of the FIS Slalom World Championship: suggests that when drinking coffee everything is possible. Energetic. Sportive.
  • Tricot #1. Stands for best, first, winner.

Video advertisement (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VifHlt90N34.)

The TV advertisement shown during Germany’s Next Topmodel shows a woman standing in front of a man, with a coffee in hand and then she starts dancing. They mostly want to grab the attention of younger people, but also people in their 40ties. I think it really is intended for a wide span of people. I guess they want to grab the attention of people who want to have fun und a happy, energized live. At least this is how the TV ad comes across.

  • Happy feelings.
  • Dancing as an indicator for energy.
  • “So fresh. So you.” Slogan.
  • Beautiful woman and handsome guy in the clip.
  • Sensual presentation of fresh roasted coffee beans dripping in creamy milk.

 

The whole video or the picture doesn’t say a word about the specific ingredients or the amount of caffeine used. It is only labeled on the product itself. The video however shows, as described above, a short cut of freshly roasted coffee melding with milk. Dangers, potential (although limited) dependence, or addiction aren’t addressed. In fact the only thing they do say is their slogan “Emmi Caffè Latte. So Fresh. So You.”

 

Is Coffee addictive or dangerous?

Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein (2015), state that caffeine is the most frequently and perhaps the most popular used drug in the world. Beverages and food contain caffeine and are consumed almost every day. The average intake of caffeine is approximately 289mg (= 2-3 cups of Coffee) for U.S. citizens. Caffeine have a similar chemical structure to xanthines.

 

Physiological effects of the xanthines according to Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein (2015):

Xanthines influence several body functions, but the effects are viewed as short-term. Only when used in high doses or by severely ill people, the drugs can be dangerous.

According to Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein (2015), 100-200mg of caffeine enhances alertness, causes arousal and diminishes fatigue. It is also commonly used to block drowsiness and heighten mental activities (e.g. Cup of Coffee in the morning to “wake up”). Caffeine stimulates formations of thoughts, but doesn’t improve our learning ability. An other effect of caffeine is that it diminishes boredom. As a result students listening to boring lectures or a dull professor, often drink caffeinated beverages.

After doses over 300mg, the effects of caffeine are reversed: insomnia, increased tension, anxiety, flushed face, nervousness, rambling thoughts and muscle twitches are the result.

Doses over 500mg “can be dysphoric (unpleasant) and can cause panic sensations, chills, nausea, and clumsiness” (Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein (2015), p. 339).

How the heart and blood vessels respond to xanthines depends on the dose and previous experience.

Low doses (100-200mg) can increase, decrease or do nothing to the heart rate.

Higher doses (>500mg) increase the heart rate. Caffeine also causes minor vasodilation in most of the body, except the brain, where it causes vasoconstrictions. For most consumers the effect caffeine has on the cardiovascular system are minor, but for people with underlining heart disease it can be dangerous. Xanthines causes air passages to open and facilitate breathing.

Based on available information, there is no strong evidence that moderate caffeine intake leads to disease. In fact some even say that moderate caffeine consumption reduces the risk of degenerative diseases of the brain (e.g. Parkinson’s, Alzheimer). However, people with existing, severe medical problems may be at greater risk.

 

Following Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein, caffeine causes limited dependence, the abuse potential is much lower and dependence doesn’t really interfere with daily routines.

However it can produce addiction in some people. When withdrawing they get headaches and 10% become depressed, anxious or fatigued without their 1-3 cups of coffee. Some even experience elements of withdrawal before they had their first cup in the morning.

 

In the end…

Coffee is a commonly used drug. Today, drinking coffee has become somewhat a ritualistic devotion for many: Drinking coffee first thing in the morning, or the coffee break.

Coffee – when drunk in moderation – doesn’t have any severe effects on the brain or body. Only people with underlining heart diseased or existing medical problems (e.g. psychiatric disorder), should be aware what they are at greater risk than others. But realistically coffee still has way less elements causing serious heath problems than alcohol or smoking.

One cup of Emmi Caffè Latte Macchiato has only 80mg caffeine (Emmi Deutschland, Produkte), so it is still under the threshold where alertness etc. effects are caused!

So I recommend drinking coffee, if you want. Be it in the morning as a part of your daily ritual or during the boring lecture you’re just enduring. Sure, there is a chance of addiction or dependence. But in most cases the dependence doesn’t influence our daily routines. Honestly, if we can’t drink coffee because there is a possibility of addiction or dependence, we as well can’t drink lemonade or eat chocolat, gums, fruits, meat,…. because in the end everything becomes addictive at some point.

 

References:

Hanson, G., Venturelli, P. J., & Fleckenstein, A. E. (2015). Drugs and society. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Scruzzi, D. (2015, April 06). Alkohol, Tabak, Kredite: Werbung mit immer mehr Verbotsschildern | NZZ. Retrieved October 17, 2017, from https://www.nzz.ch/schweiz/werbung-mit-immer-mehr-verbotsschildern-1.18516991

Bundesamt für Gesundheit (2015, May). Basisinformationen zur Tabakwerbung. Retrieved October 12, 2017 from: https://www.bag.admin.ch/dam/bag/de/dokumente/npp/tabak/basisinformation-tabakwerbung.pdf.download.pdf/2015_Basisinformation_Tabakwerbung_DE.pdf.

Emmi Deutschland. Über uns. Retrieved October 12, 2017 from: https://de.emmi.com/de/ueber-emmi/.

Emmi Deutschland. Produkte. Retrieved October 13, 2017 from: https://www.emmi-caffelatte.com/de/macchiato

 

 

-Noémie Monnet

Tobacco Drug Advertisment Debunk

crawfom5 Tobacco

By Mara Crawford

For this assignment I decided to analyze tobacco. Tobacco is used by many Americans and tobacco has been used for years in my close family. I’m curious why so many people use tobacco when its negative health effects are so well known. According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, “tobacco use is the largest preventable cause of death and disease in the United States and each year approximately 480,000 Americans die from tobacco-related illnesses” (2017). I decided to analyze this particular tobacco advertisement because Camel cigarettes are familiar to me and this advertisement appealed most to me initially. The unusual use of a personified camel with bright colors automatically pulled in my attention so I’m assuming it does the same for other consumers.

According to the R.J. Reynold Tobacco Companies Official Site, R.J. Reynolds was the owner and founder of the Camel tobacco company that has been around since 1913. Camel’s became so popular because they were the first prepackaged cigarette (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company – Official Site 2017). Before Camel’s, smokers would roll their own cigarettes. The 20 cigarette pack, the 10 pack carton, and the cellophane wrapping are all standards established by the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company – Official Site 2017). By Camel’s 100th anniversary in 2013 they had sold 4 trillion cigarettes (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company – Official Site 2017).

The mission of the R.J. Reynolds company who produce Camel, Pall Mall, and Newport is “we will achieve market leadership by transforming the tobacco industry” (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company – Official Site 2017). Their website includes information on “transforming tobacco” with claims that they are reducing the harm of tobacco and preventing youth from using tobacco. R.J. Reynold’s cigarettes make up one third of the total cigarette sales in the United States, making them one of the most credentialed tobacco producers in our country (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company – Official Site 2017).

The intended audience for tobacco is anyone over the age of 18, or 21 in some states such as California. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 13% of adults aged 18–24 years smoke, 17.7% of adults aged 25–44 years smoke, 17% of adults aged 45–64 years smoke, and 8.4% of adults aged 65 years and older smoke (2017). Young adults and the elderly alike seem to enjoy smoking tobacco which gives cigarette companies a huge advantage. This particular advertisement was placed in magazines and on the television which are both forms of media that likely reach many different types of consumers, even children. In this advertisement we see Joe the Camel who has been controversial in the Camel advertisements because he seems to be appealing to children (Wikipedia 2017). Along with Joe the Camel, this advertisement features a sports car and an appealing woman with the beach and the city in the background which appears to be marketing to men who consider themselves high class or to men who would like to be thought of as high class. The warm colors and the beach may also be attracting women to this advertisement.

Tobacco is a plant whose addictive ingredient is nicotine. Tobacco can be smoked, chewed, or sniffed (National Institute of Drug Abuse 2017). While smoking tobacco, nicotine effects feelings of reward and pleasure. The nicotine is absorbed into your blood and causes the release of adrenaline which then increases blood pressure, breathing and heart rate (National Institute of Drug Abuse 2017). These long term changes in the brain are what cause addiction to nicotine (National Institute of Drug Abuse 2017).

Smoking tobacco is both addictive and dangerous. Tobacco use can cause health issues including lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, leukemia, cataracts, pneumonia, and heart disease which can lead to stroke or heart attack (National Institute of Drug Abuse 2017). Smoking tobacco while pregnant has serious implications on your unborn child including low birth rate, preterm delivery, and even death (American Pregnancy Association 2017). Smoking tobacco can also feel physically addicting, often times people crave the feeling of something in between their fingers or in their mouth. Smoking tobacco also has social implications and people may feel addicted to the thought of a smoke break with their friends. Smoking tobacco can also lead to gum disease and can cause bad breath and discoloration of teeth.

The advertisement above only mentions that smoking while pregnant may have effects on the unborn child, however, it failed to mention any of the other negative effects of smoking. I would consider the fact that tobacco contains addictive and harmful ingredients important to know and, in my opinion, it should be included in all tobacco advertisements. Extreme health risks should also be included in warning labels and on all advertisements.

The first thing that caught my attention in this advertisement was the unusual looking camel. By featuring something unusual the company will draw more attention to their advertisement. They have also personified the camel which makes it easier for us as people to connect with and relate to the camel. Joe the Camel is wearing a suit and sun glasses which leads us to believe he is in a high class situation. The sports car in the background also helps to capture our attention as we are often interested in rare or expensive things and we might believe that smoking Camels will get us into the same situation Joe the Camel is in. The advertisement also features a pretty woman who is giving her attention to Joe the Camel which might make us believe that smoking Camels will help us stand out and appeal to women. The background in the advertisement is a beach with a city skyline which is also appealing to many possible Camel consumers and might remind of us a place we’d like to be visiting. The warm colors used in the advertisement provide a sense of relaxation. The words “smooth character” bring all the aspects of the advertisement together and suggest that smoking Camels will give us the appeal Joe possesses. All of the advertising techniques used in this advertisement are deceptive because smoking a Camel cigarette has nothing to do with any of the situation shown.

This advertisement is no different than most drug advertisements. They aim to portray an appealing situation to possible consumers and to increase the amount of product they can sell. The switch from drug companies only advertising to physicians to drug companies advertising directly to their consumers allowed for more play in advertisement techniques such as weasel words, use of color and or background, use of celebrities, use of sex appeal, etc. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “58% of physicians agreed strongly that direct to consumer ads make the drugs seem better than they really are” (2017).

Tobacco is a commonly used drug and is legal for anyone who is 18 or older (21 in some states) in the United States. I can see how smoking a cigarette would be a social activity or a boredom killer, however, based on my research of tobacco and nicotine use I would not recommend this drug to anyone. In my opinion, the possible health risks (heart disease, cancer, etc.) outweigh any possible “highs”.

 

References:
American Pregnancy Association. (2017). Smoking During Pregnancy. http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-health/smoking-during-pregnancy/

National Institute of Drug Abuse (2017). Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cigarettes-other-tobacco-products

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2017). Tobacco Use. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/tobacco-use

R.J. Reynolds. (2017). Transforming Tobacco. Who we are. http://www.rjrt.com/transforming-tobacco/who-we-are/

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2017). The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising. https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm143562.htm

Wikipedia. (2017). Camel (cigarette). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_(cigarette)

 

Anti-Depressant: It Protec, It Attac, It is Prozac…

clarka32 Prescription Drugs , , ,

Prozac, my choice ad debunk…

Even though taking drugs isn’t always considered a horrible thing, we also know that even the most licit drugs (over the counter, prescription, tobacco, alcohol, etc) are harmful on a wide spectrum of ways. I personally don’t have a problem with drugs, but I know some in my family who have turned to drugs as a way to cope/escape from problems or to receive pleasure in their life that isn’t being fulfilled in a drug-free way. There has also been many celebrities who I found dear to me growing up that have also been affected by drug abuse. From comedians like Chris Farley and Robin Williams to artists like Chris Cornell and Elvis Presley, I felt afflicted knowing that substance abuse can even hurt those who have brought a lot of joy to the average Joe. However, there was one celebrity that I have grown attached to since I was a child and has become a big part of my ultimate Star Wars fandom (I could talk your ear off about it). She was a driving force in the movie world that everyone loved and admired. I’m of course talking about the late Carrie Fisher (1956-2016), most commonly known as Princess Leia Organa. As I was learning about her death, it was announced that in relation to her history of depression and bipolar disorder, her ashes were placed in a novelty Prozac pill urn that she had in her home. Knowing Carrie, she would appreciate the sentiment of that giant pill that she loved in her home; and that is why I chose to ad debunk Prozac.

Princess Leia Organa
Carrie Fisher (2015)

Depression saddens, Prozac can help.

What the Ad says: I found it a little difficult to find a T.V. ad that promoted Prozac recently. But I did find several poster ads that are similar to the one shown on the left. They contrasted what the drug can do for you, versus what you experience when not taking the drug. What better way to sell drugs, than to sell for Christmas? The first thought that I had, was connecting the sad little tree to that beloved holiday special, Merry Christmas Charlie Brown. All I can say about that is “good grief.” This ad, like the others, want to express that happiness can be found in a pill. In the fine description of the ad, it informs people that depression is an illness, and Prozac isn’t habit forming (How do we know that?). This ad sends a message out to an audience that Prozac is the answer to anyone who may be suffering from depression, especially during the merriest time of the year. Perhaps this also tells our users is more of a necessity, than it is an anti-depressant?

What the ad doesn’t say: Don’t let that statement (not habit forming) fool you. The ad doesn’t inform you how it knows Prozac isn’t habit forming. I think that a lot of people want to feel normal; that normal means I should feel what everyone else is feeling and do what everyone else is doing. Even if someone who already takes Prozac may abuse the prescription, in hopes of achieving that pleasing high. I can understand that need, but isn’t there a safer way to inform the world of this drug? Why sell it as something that can be put in someones stalking? “What did you get this year?” “I got a bottle of concentrated serotonin re-uptake inhibitors! Just what I wanted.” I think that folks misunderstand that we shouldn’t be prioritizing drugs as a want or a need. Instead, remember that drugs are not the permanent solution to depression.

To further understand what is being sold, let’s see what Prozac consists of, how it works on a chemical level, and what the intended and unintended effect are.

What is Prozac and why is it so useful?

Prozac (generically known as fluoxetine hydrochloride) is one of the most popular and well known prescription anti-depressants currently on the market. On a chemical level, it is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) anti-depressant. The fluoxetine hydrochloride affects unbalanced chemicals in the brain that any one with depressing, panic, anxiety or obsessive-compulsive symptoms might have. According to Jeff Roberts (2014) in his article The Most Dangerous & Heavily Promoted Prescription Drugs & Their Potential Natural Alternatives, “Prozac alters the mechanism that balances levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain”.

As we recall from our textbook Drugs and Society (2017), serotonin is an important neurotransmitter that sends chemical signals throughout the brain and body (including the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract). Serotonin’s job is to:

  • control blood vessel constriction
  • regulate the release of pleasant and needed hormones to the hypothalamus
    • specifically for mood, behavior, sleep, memory and learning

      A standard 20 mg Prozac pill.
  • inhibit other neurons from overreaction to various stimuli
  • and many other uses

Not only does Prozac help with depression, it has also been known to be treatful for bulimia nervosa (common eating disorder) and panic attacks. Since this drug alters serotoninergic systems, then you should expect side effects and reactions that regard mood swings, aggressiveness and irritability, abnormal sexual behavior, insomnia, nausea and many other common reactions.

Since this drug is supposed to maintain the flow of pleasing hormones, then wouldn’t that be an effect that would lead someone to want more pleasing sensations? Isn’t that why more abusers are motivated to abuse during their addiction? “When can I get my next escape?” Now that we are familiar with the drug, lets just see where this drug came from and who we have to thank for this 2nd scheduled prescription medication…

Origin of Prozac and the Eli Lilly Company

Eli Lilly Company Logo (The Biotechnology research team that brought us Prozac)

The prescription drug Prozac was first introduced back in January of 1988 to the United States. As described by Mary Bellis’ article The History of the Antidepressant Prozac (2017), Prozac “gained its most prescribed status within two years”. Man, I never realized just how quickly a new drug could become so popular. The drug was led by Ray Fuller and his research colleagues from the Eli Lilly Company (As of 2001, Eli Lilly was worth 10.9 Billion dollars a year). This company both created and distributed Prozac and still to this day, Prozac is one of the most promoted prescriptions in the U.S. Prozac is the companies best-selling drug, bringing in approx. 23.1 billion dollars in sales as of 2014 among all their prescription drugs. Lilly is also the world’s largest manufacturer and distributor of psychiatric medications. Ideally this drug is intended for users who are suffering from depression and those other disorders mentioned before. Here is a brief statement that Eli Lilly has to say about the company they run and the mission they hold:

We were founded in 1876 by Colonel Eli Lilly, a man committed to creating high-quality medicines that met real needs in an era of unreliable elixirs peddled by questionable characters. His charge to the generations of employees who have followed was this: “Take what you find here and make it better and better.” More than 140 years later, we remain committed to his vision through every aspect of our business and the people we serve starting with those who take our medicines, and extending to health care professionals, employees and the communities in which we live.

Unfortunately it is one of the many abused anti-depressants on the market.

At the end, Prozac is still a drug and not an answer…

Overall, this drug is extremely helpful to those who suffer depression, panic attacks, and bulimia nervosa; however, since it is an addictive drug, Prozac still is categorized as a 2nd scheduled drug by the FDA. Prozac is a serotonin up-taker, not a drug that should be taken forever. The problems or feelings that users have are ones that can’t be healthfully solved just be taking a pill, it is an escape. I think in general, abusers of drugs are mistaken; prescription drugs like anti depressants are not supposed to be a permanent dependency. Wouldn’t you want to cut your losses from the harmful effects of drugs, especially after your reasons for depression are no longer a worry? Quite frankly I think that is what a psychiatrist is for. I recommend talking about your depression, learn from it, and use what you learned to get back on track and produce your serotonin independently. Prozac can help, but Prozac can only help when you realize that you need to help yourself. Talk to your friends, family, and peers for social support. Help Guide (2017) makes a lot of suggestions including changes you should try in your lifestyle. Try some new and interesting things; hobbies, exercise, go out. I hope that you all have learned a little bit more about the anti depressant world of prescription drugs. Think about what choices you make and how will those choices work in the long run, rather than a temporary means to forget about depression.

 

References

Alban, D. (n.d.). Serotonin Deficiency: Signs, Symptoms, Solutions. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from https://bebrainfit.com/serotonin-deficiency/

Bellis, M. (2017, August 29). The History of the Antidepressant Prozac. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from https://www.thoughtco.com/history-antidepressant-prozac-4079788

Hanson, G. R., Venturelli, P. J., & Fleckenstein, A. E. (2015). Drugs and Society (12th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett learning. Print.

Image Gallery: Prozac Ad. (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2017, from http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/1216938.html

McLean, B. (2001, August 21). A Bitter Pill Prozac made Eli Lilly. Then along came a feisty generic maker called Barr Labs. Their battle gives new meaning to the term ‘drug war.’ Retrieved October 21, 2017, from http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2001/08/13/308077/index.htm

Prozac. (2004, June 11). Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/04/briefing/2004-4065b1-35-PROZAC-CLASS-LABELING.htm

Roderts, J. (2017, October 14). THE MOST DANGEROUS & HEAVILY PROMOTED PRESCRIPTION DRUGS & THEIR POTENTIAL NATURAL ALTERNATIVES. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/10/14/the-most-dangerous-heavily-promoted-prescription-drugs-possible-natural-alternatives/

Saisan, J. (2017, October). Depression Treatment. Retrieved October 23, 2017, from https://www.helpguide.org/articles/depression/depression-treatment.htm

Who We Are. (2017). Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.lilly.com/who-we-are